Nordic Clinical Style

Gas Exchange Without The Noise

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Ventilation Diffusion Perfusion V/Q Matching A-a Gradient

Core model

Oxygenation is a matching problem.

Efficient gas exchange requires air and blood to reach the same alveoli, across a thin membrane, with favorable partial pressure gradients.

Air in

Alveolus

Capillary

Tissue

Anchor values

40mmHg PaCO2

100mmHg PAO2

PaCO2 mainly tracks alveolar ventilation. PaO2 tracks oxygenation and V/Q matching.

Equation anchor

VA = (VT - VD) x RR

Useful ventilation is the part of tidal volume that reaches exchanging alveoli, not dead space.